Home GeoForum Forums Geologia & Informatica Altri software per la geologia Sisimica a Rifrazione - topografia - Rayfract

Salve a tutti,
ho un dubbio da risolvere e chiedo il vostro aiuto..nello specifico mi rivolgo all'utilizzo di Rayfract, perchè uso quello, ma è una domanda di carattere generale per tutti i software.
Il dubbio è relativo all'elaborazione di una tomografia sismica a rifrazione con elevato dislivello topografico, ad esempio perche eseguita su un versante in frana.
Nell'inserimento della geometria della stesa, ovvero del posizionamento dei geofoni, devo inserire il posizionamento nominale dei geofoni (ad esempio se eseguito a 24 canali con spaziatura 5 m, verrebbe 23 X 5= 115 m)oppure poiche c'è una elevata pendenza devo inserire nell'asse delle X dei Geofoni la reale distanza in pianta tra geofoni che ovviamente non sarà piu di 5 m, poiche tale misura è stata presa lungo la superficie topografica inclinata.
Premetto che ogni punto geofonico è stato correttamente preso con GPS, quindi ho il modo di sapere quale la distanza in pianta sull'asse delle X tra ogni geofono e la quota Z.
La domanda è anche concettuale cioè se i software di elaborazione, in questo caso Rayfract, accettano geometrie sull'asse delle X variabili, oppure se la distanza deve rimanere sempre la stessa, per motivi di algoritmo di calcolo.
Spero di essere stato chiaro nella domanda.
Un saluto a tutti e grazie per l'aiuto.

I recommend exporting coordinates to .COR file format :

- select File|Export header data|Export Station Coordinates...
- click Save button to save to COORDS.COR file
- see our .pdf reference

http://rayfract.com/help/rayfract.pdf

chapter File formats on page 192 :

FILE FORMATS .................................................................................................................... 192
STATION COORDINATE FILES ................................................................................................. 192
SHOTPOINT COORDINATE FILES............................................................................................. 194
FIRST BREAK FILES ............................................................................................................... 197
ASCII.ASC FILES................................................................................................................. 199
.CSV LAYERED MODEL FILE .................................................................................................. 201
CONVERT .CSV LAYER MODEL TO SURFER .GRD LAYERED STARTING MODEL ......................... 202
.HDR BATCH FILE ................................................................................................................ 203
CONVERT SURFER .GRD FILE TO ASCII .TXT WITH X/Y/Z/VELOCITY FOR EACH GRID CELL ....... 206

Next e.g. import the COORDS.COR into Microsoft Excel and edit the x/y/z columns (columns 2/3/4). Leave column no. 1 (station no.) unchanged.

Next export in Excel to updated MYCOORDS.COR .

Now select our File|Update header data|Update Station Coordinates... and your updated MYCOORDS.COR .

Check updated coordinates in Header|Station .

We regard station z values when plotting the tomogram topography.

Our horizontal axis is "horizontal inline offset" from profile's first receiver.

Check option File|Export data Settings|Export horizontal inline offset and v0 to .COR .

Reexport updated coordinates to GOOD.COR .

Now open GOOD.COR e.g. with Windows Notepad editor . We list the "horizontal inline offset" in m in column no. 4 .

For layered refraction methods (Plus-Minus, Wavefront) we assume that receivers are planted at whole station numbers specified for the Spread type used to import your shots in File|Import Data .

For 2D WET inversion we regard the true x/y/z coordinates specified in Header|Station.

Should say "We list the 'horizontal inline offset' in m in column no. 5" not column no. 4.

Our new tutorial

http://rayfract.com/tutorials/1_1D.pdf

shows multiscale Conjugate-Gradient WET inversion of synthetic data for subsurface model with 3 vertical fault zones (NGU 2018) using our DeltatV+XTV starting model.

NGU 2018 report by Georgios Tassis et al. is available at

http://www.ngu.no/upload/Publikasjoner/Rapporter/2018/2018_015.pdf

For updated green WibuKey driver instructions see

http://rayfract.com/help/Uninstall%20&%20reinstall%20WibuKey%206.40.pdf

For installation of our software version 3.35/3.36 under Windows 10 64-bit Oct 2018 update see

http://rayfract.com/help/install3.36.pdf

We compiled our latest version 3.36 software with Microsoft Visual C++14 in Visual Studio 17.

WET inversion now runs up to 25% faster than with our version 3.35.

Our version 3.36 works fine in Windows 10, Windows 7 Pro and Windows XP SP3.

For latest release notes see

http://rayfract.com/help/release_notes.pdf .

Our latest tutorial

http://rayfract.com/tutorials/TYLERLN1_2019.pdf

shows karst imaging for a line which we interpreted in 2006 already. Also we link to GeoTomo LLC interpretation which has been published and is similar to our output. See

https://www.slideshare.net/oncel/sinkhole-geophysics

For an objective comparison of available refraction tomography software see

http://rayfract.com/pub/Zelt_etal_JEEG.pdf

For our latest release notes see

http://rayfract.com/help/release_notes.pdf

We now better support importing of streamer-recorded SEG-2 formatted data with custom/irregular spacing of traces. Also we import true x/y/z coordinates specified in the SEG-2 trace headers.

Our latest tutorial

http://rayfract.com/tutorials/P6.pdf

shows fracture zone detection in bedrock. We use Smooth inversion & 100 WET iterations with full WET smoothing with 1D-gradient & layered Plus-Minus starting models.

We show how to visualize the dipping fault zone in Common Mid-Point (CMP) display and Common Offset display of your raw first break picks. These displays show the raw traveltime data before running any inversion.

Also we show batch import of SEG-2 files with bad recording geometry specified in SOURCE_LOCATION and RECEIVER_LOCATION trace headers.

For latest release notes see

http://rayfract.com/help/release_notes.pdf

We have updated our tutorial

https://rayfract.com/tutorials/ot0608.pdf

to show 20 Steepest-Descent WET iterations with laterally averaged 1D-gradient starting model (Sheehan, 2005) and with Wavelength-Dependent Velocity Smoothing (WDVS; Zelt and Chen 2016) enabled at 90Hz. We discard WET smoothing after forward modelling to improve the WET resolution.

We use default Smooth inversion settings and default DeltatV settings to obtain the default 1D-gradient starting model. Also we use minimal WET smoothing and blank no coverage after last WET iteration.

For latest release notes see

https://rayfract.com/help/release_notes.pdf

Our new tutorial shows imaging of strongly weathered granitic basement with thick overburden in NSW Australia. See

https://rayfract.com/tutorials/Test21.pdf

We show both 1D-gradient and pseudo-2D DeltatV starting models.

Also we use WDVS Smoothing @120Hz and minimal WET smoothing.

We lower the WET wavepath frequency from default 50Hz to 30Hz for wider wavepaths and deeper imaging.

Also we show import of DMT SUMMIT X SEG-2 files.

For latest release notes see

https://rayfract.com/help/release_notes.pdf

For our updated 2021 .pdf reference see

https://rayfract.com/help/rayfract.pdf

For optimal imaging of two constructed low-velocity zones in model dam see

https://rayfract.com/tutorials/D1P2NO24.pdf

For latest release notes see

https://rayfract.com/help/release_notes.pdf

Our latest tutorial

https://rayfract.com/tutorials/Line14_WDVS.pdf

shows improved lateral resolution in basement using multiscale Conjugate-Gradient WET inversion and Wavelength-Dependent Velocity Smoothing (WDVS; Zelt and Chen 2016).

We use our default 1D-gradient starting model (Fig. 16) and alternatively our pseudo-2D DeltatV starting model (Fig. 10).

For latest release notes see

https://rayfract.com/help/release_notes.pdf

For our updated 2022 brochure see

https://rayfract.com/pub/prospect.pdf

For our new tutorial showing refraction interpretation over a strongly weathered sandstone basement in Australia see

https://rayfract.com/tutorials/3016.pdf

For interpretation of synthetic traveltimes modeled for a faulted and dipping basement regarding off-end shots see

https://rayfract.com/tutorials/NGU_G1.pdf

For latest release notes see

https://rayfract.com/help/release_notes.pdf

For our latest tutorial showing optimal interpretation of NGU synthetic fault zone model G4 see

https://rayfract.com/tutorials/NGU_G4.pdf

For a tutorial showing checkerboard resolution test for our TRA9002 profile see

https://rayfract.com/tutorials/TRA9002_resolution_test.pdf

For our latest release notes see

https://rayfract.com/help/release_notes.pdf

For our latest tutorial showing imaging of dynamic Poisson's ratio using Surfer version 23 see

https://rayfract.com/tutorials/poisson_Surfer23.pdf

For our latest release notes see

https://rayfract.com/help/release_notes.pdf

We now optionally plot your reciprocal traveltime picks on your shot-sorted trace gathers. This allows quality control of first break picks and specified recording geometry.

Also we now allow display of shot-sorted traveltime curves at CMP positions instead of receiver positions.

For our latest tutorial showing successful imaging of a basement step in a dry river valley see

https://rayfract.com/tutorials/Line3.pdf

The imaged basement step has been verified with two boreholes.

For our latest release notes see

https://rayfract.com/help/release_notes.pdf

For our updated tutorial showing multiscale WET inversion of NGU profile 1_1D see

https://rayfract.com/tutorials/1_1D.pdf

We now show using our fail-safe 1D-gradient starting model in Fig. 17 to Fig. 20.

Also view our new tutorial imaging landslide with the line crossing the landslide at

https://rayfract.com/tutorials/Gasch23.pdf

Also we updated our MDW2011 cross hole tutorial

https://rayfract.com/tutorials/MDW2011_23.pdf

to show improved resolution using WDVS smoothing and plotting of reciprocal traveltimes on shot gather traces for easy quality control.

For our updated 2024 .pdf manual see

https://rayfract.com/help/rayfract.pdf

For latest release notes see

https://rayfract.com/help/release_notes.pdf

We tested our latest version 4.06 in Windows 11 Pro 23H2 for ARM under Parallels Desktop 19.4.1 running on Apple 2023 Mac mini with Apple M2 ARM CPU and this works just fine together with Surfer 11 and CodeMeter USB dongle.

Correction to my previous post : should say

"We tested our latest version 4.06 in Windows 11 Pro ARM 23H2 under Parallels Desktop 19.3.1 running on Apple 2023 Mac mini with Apple M2 ARM CPU and this works just fine together with Surfer 11 and CodeMeter USB dongle."

We tested our Pro version 4.06 software using up to 8 CPU cores on Apple 2023 Mac mini with ARM CPU. 4.06 Standard can use up to 4 CPU cores for WET inversion only.

This does not work on Apple M2 ARM CPU when using the green WibuKey USB dongle.

For our latest tutorial showing import of SEG-2 shear-wave traces recorded for inverted source polarity at common source locations and picking of S-wave first breaks and Smooth invert see

https://rayfract.com/tutorials/SH_60m.pdf

For our new tutorial showing interpretation of strongly layered refraction over a faulted basement recorded for a long line with dense spacing of sources and receivers see

https://rayfract.com/tutorials/Line23.pdf

The imaged basement depth has been confirmed with 5 boreholes.

We now offer improved support for aggregating and importing DDS recorded SEG-2 channels for interpretation of Downhole VSP surveys. See tutorials

https://rayfract.com/tutorials/TTBM6.pdf
https://rayfract.com/tutorials/TTBM4.pdf

For our latest release notes see

https://rayfract.com/help/release_notes.pdf

Our new tutorial

https://rayfract.com/tutorials/PW27_Test.pdf

shows gathering of SEG-2 channels recorded with 3-component AMBROGEO borehole geophone. Next we show import of the aggregated SEG-2 receiver spread into our version 5.02 Rayfract(R) software, frequency bandpass filtering, first break picking and optimized interactive WET inversion.

For our latest release notes see

https://rayfract.com/help/release_notes.pdf

We have tested our version 5.02 and 5.01 software as well as earlier versions 4.05 and 4.06 in latest Windows 24H2 build (OS Build 26100.4351). We recommend in-place upgrade of your Windows 11 24H2 to latest build (OS Build 26100.4351) as described in above release_notes.pdf bullet dated June 14, 2025.

Also you need to update the CodeMeter runtime/dongle driver to latest version 8.30a available at

https://www.wibu.com/support/user/user-software.html

For our latest tutorial showing downhole VSP shear-wave processing and interpretation see

https://rayfract.com/tutorials/SH27_Test.pdf

We show gathering of SEG-2 channels recorded with 3-component AMBROGEO borehole geophone. Next we show import of the two aggregated SEG-2 receiver spreads into our version 5.03 Rayfract(R) software, frequency bandpass filtering, shear-wave first break picking and optimized interactive WET inversion.

Also we show plotting of our new shear-wave velocity vs. elevation graph calling into Golden Software Surfer.

Also we show editing of the plot axis titles in Surfer 11.


For another tutorial showing cross-hole shear-wave imaging of possible cavities below a concrete cap see

https://rayfract.com/tutorials/Test_1.pdf

For our latest release notes see

https://rayfract.com/help/release_notes.pdf

We now allow plotting of downhole VSP velocity vs. elevation in a
new plot type in Surfer displaying up to four(4) VSP graphs in the
same Surfer plot.

See our updated tutorial

https://rayfract.com/tutorials/SH27_Test.pdf

Also we now allow extracting a 1D vertical grid slice from any Surfer
.GRD grid e.g. from Poisson's ratio grid and plotting this in Surfer. See our updated tutorial

https://rayfract.com/tutorials/poisson_Surfer23.pdf

Also we now allow plotting multiple WET runs on one page with our
Standard version 5.03 as per

https://rayfract.com/tutorials/1_1D_multiplot.pdf and
https://rayfract.com/tutorials/Frehel14-2.pdf

For our latest release notes see

https://rayfract.com/help/release_notes.pdf

For our updated 2026 .pdf manual see

https://rayfract.com/help/rayfract.pdf